Kodėl šunys lyja ir ar tai iš viso problema?
Prieš pradedant kalbėti apie tai, kaip sumažinti šuns lojimą, verta suprasti vieną esminį dalyką: lojimas yra natūrali šuns komunikacijos forma. Šunys loja dėl daugybės priežasčių – perspėja apie pavojų, reikalauja dėmesio, išreiškia džiaugsmą, baimę ar nuobodulį. Tai reiškia, kad tikslas nėra visiškai „išjungti” šunį kaip garso šaltinį, o išmokyti jį lojaliai elgtis tik tada, kai tai tikrai reikalinga.
Problema atsiranda tada, kai lojimas tampa nekontroliuojamas, neproporcingas ar nuolatinis. Šuo, kuris loja į kiekvieną praeinantį žmogų, į kiekvieną automobilį ar tiesiog iš nuobodulio kelias valandas iš eilės – tai jau ne komunikacija, o elgesio problema, kurią reikia spręsti. Ir čia svarbu pabrėžti: tokia problema visada turi priežastį, ir ta priežastis dažniausiai slypi ne šuns „blogame charakteryje”, o šeimininko elgesyje arba šuns aplinkoje.
Tyrimai rodo, kad daugelis šunų savininkų daro tą pačią klaidą – jie bando sustabdyti lojimą tuo metu, kai jis jau vyksta, užuot dirbę su šakninėmis priežastimis. Tai panašu į bandymą gesinti gaisrą, neišjungus dujų. Galima laikinai sumažinti liepsną, bet problema išlieka.
Pagrindinės per didelio lojimo priežastys
Norint efektyviai dirbti su šuns lojimu, reikia pirmiausia identifikuoti, kodėl jūsų šuo loja. Štai dažniausiai pasitaikančios priežastys:
Teritorinis lojimas – šuo loja, kai kažkas artėja prie jo teritorijos: prie namo, tvoros, automobilio. Tai vienas natūraliausių lojimo tipų, tačiau jis gali tapti problematiškas, jei šuo reaguoja į kiekvieną praeinantį žmogų ar gyvūną.
Dėmesio siekimas – šuo išmoko, kad lojimas yra efektyvus būdas gauti tai, ko nori: maisto, pasivaikščiojimo, žaidimo. Ši problema dažnai susiformuoja dėl šeimininko klaidų – kai šuo lojo ir gavo tai, ko norėjo, jis išmoko, kad lojimas veikia.
Baimė ir nerimas – kai kurie šunys loja iš baimės: prie nepažįstamų žmonių, garsių garsų, naujų situacijų. Čia lojimas yra gynybinis mechanizmas, ir jį reikia spręsti dirbant su pačia baime, o ne tik su lojimu.
Nuobodulys ir perteklinė energija – šunys, kurie negauna pakankamai fizinio ir mentalinio stimuliavimo, dažnai loja tiesiog todėl, kad neturi ką veikti. Tai ypač būdinga energingoms veislėms: border kolijams, džek raselio terjerams, haskiams.
Atskyrimo nerimas – šunys, kurie labai prisirišę prie šeimininko, gali lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai 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lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai lojaliai
